Blood pressure in hypertension

High blood pressure in hypertension is the main criterion for chronic hypertension, which requires urgent treatment. It should be borne in mind that slight fluctuations in blood pressure may occur throughout the day; this is normal. But if the elevated level remains at a high level for quite a long time or the pressure fluctuates with very large differences, then this is hypertension.

What is the blood pressure of a hypertensive patient?

Blood pressure in humans is expressed by two indicators: upper or systolic, and lower (diastolic). In an adult, normal blood pressure should range from 120/80 to 129/84 mmHg. Symptoms indicating illness:

• headaches in the back of the head;
• insomnia;
• dizziness;
• fainting;
• pain in the heart area;
• goosebumps or circles before the eyes.

For hypertensive patients, the criteria vary depending on the stage of the disease, as shown in the table:

Degree of hypertension	Pressure readings mm Hg. Art.	Symptoms	Treatment
Lightweight	From 140 to 90 to 160 to 100	Blood pressure increases periodically due to stress Headache	Diet Normalization of lifestyle
Moderate	160/100—180/110	Enlargement of the left ventricle of the heart Dizziness Fainting	Medications Light exercise Diet
Heavy	Above 180/110	Stroke Heart attack Cardiac arrhythmia Nosebleeds	Potent drugs Strict diet

Hypertension is more dangerous than low blood pressure. You should also be wary of pathology due to the fact that in the initial stages there are practically no symptoms. Late detection of the problem threatens disruption of the functioning of internal organs and prolonged treatment.

How to measure to get a reliable result?

Blood pressure measurements must be taken correctly; the accuracy of the result will depend on this. Basic rules for taking measurements:

• Take measurements before meals, 3 times a day.
• The patient's hand should be at the level of the heart.
• The cuff from the device should be in contact with the skin, but not too tight, so that the index finger can be placed between the cuff and the skin. You need to inflate the air quickly and deflate slowly.
• 30 minutes before the procedure, do not smoke, drink coffee, tea or alcohol.
• During the measurement, do not speak or strain your hand.
• It is better to take measurements on both hands. In this case, the difference between left and right should normally not exceed 10%.

Main methods of prevention

For preventive purposes and to keep blood pressure normal, you need to follow simple requirements:

• monitor fluctuations in body weight;
• the amount of salt consumed should be no more than 5 g per day;
• Perform simple exercises daily;
• remove alcohol and nicotine from consumption;
• add fresh fruits and vegetables to your daily diet.

Proper treatment of high blood pressure

You can stabilize blood pressure, and sometimes completely get rid of the disease, in various ways: traditional or medicinal. At home, you can lower your blood pressure with tea and tinctures. Drug treatment should be used with extreme caution and after consulting a doctor. With some medications, blood pressure drops very quickly. Medicines are divided into groups indicated in the table.

Medication group	Indications	Contraindications
ACE inhibitors	Concomitant diseases such as diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease For complex treatment	Chronic kidney disease Allergic reactions
Sartans	Atrial fibrillation Diabetic nephropathy Intolerance to ACE inhibitors	Virtually no side effects Pregnancy
Beta blockers	Heart rhythm disturbances Angina pectoris	Chronic lung disease
Diuretics	To remove excess fluid from the body, helping to lower blood pressure Diabetes	Hypokalemia: long-term use of the drug removes beneficial substances from the body
Fast acting	For quick relief of symptoms With complex treatment	Individual intolerance to the components of the drug