Hypertension

Hypertension is persistent elevated blood pressure above normal, usually above 140/90 millimeters of mercury.

Arterial essential hypertension is another name for it. It accounts for over ninety percent of cases of arterial hypertension. In the remaining cases, secondary arterial hypertension is diagnosed. These include renal up to 4%, endocrine up to 0. 4%, hemodynamic and neurological, stress, which are caused by the intake of iatrogenic substances. There is also hypertension in pregnant women, in which an increase in blood pressure is one of the symptoms of the underlying disease.

Among various kinds of iatrogenic hypertension, the methods of various dietary supplements and contraceptives differ. In general, the occurrence of hypertension contribute to more than 25 combinations in the genetic code of the human body.

Hypertension causes

When doctors talk about the cause of hypertension, they admit that the cause of its occurrence is still unclear. Therefore, this disease is also called essential or, a disease with an unclear etiology.

The theories that exist in our time and which try to explain the occurrence of hypertension are in themselves untenable and can drive a person into a hopeless situation (when all methods have been tried), without explaining anything either concretely or scientifically. The patient, to put it mildly, is put on treatment for the sake of treatment. A person is forced almost constantly to resort to the help of drugs to alleviate the hypertensive state.

In the human body, the so-called system that regulates blood pressure works. It can also increase for various reasons. In the event of an increase in blood pressure, the walls of such vessels as the aortic arch or carotid artery become very tense. Because of this, the receptors that are located in them are irritated. The resulting excitation, passing through the nerves, reaches the medulla oblongata. There is a vasomotor center. The activity of depressor neurons, as opposed to pressor neurons, will increase, thereby causing blood vessels to dilate and causing blood pressure to decrease. In the case of a decrease in blood pressure, such processes occur in complete contrast. This explains the normal process of increasing and decreasing blood pressure in the human body. Without a reason, the pressure will not rise. Everything in the body is interconnected.

The causes of hypertension include:

1. Obesity and overweight. People with this problem very often have an increase in blood pressure and, as a result, hypertension. As a rule, people with such disorders in the body's metabolism should take it under control.
2. In five percent of patients, the causes of hypertension may be disorders of the kidneys or thyroid gland.
3. If a person is not overweight and has a slim build. He has no problems with the kidneys and thyroid gland, then the cause of hypertension may be a lack of magnesium in the body
4. Hypertension is caused in five percent of patients: a tumor of the adrenal glands, a tumor of the pituitary gland, poisoning with mercury, lead, etc.

In more detail, the main cause of hypertension in most patients is the metabolic syndrome. As a rule, in such patients, the content of cholesterol in the blood level is disturbed. Metabolic syndrome is determined by several reasons: an increase in waist circumference (more than 80 cm in women, more than 94 cm in men); an increase in triglycerides (so-called fats) in the blood exceeds 1. 75 mmol per liter, or the patient is already receiving medication to correct the disease; high-density lipoproteins in women should be less than 1. 3 mmol per liter, in men less than 1. 0 mmol per liter; systolic blood pressure exceeds 140 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure exceeds 85 mm Hg; the level of glucose in the blood taken on an empty stomach is more than 5. 5 mmol per liter. In total, if hypertension is combined with overweight, then you should check for the presence of metabolic syndrome.

In addition, the causes of hypertension are: psychological stress, diabetes, kidney and thyroid disease, heredity also plays a role.

Hypertension symptoms

Clinical manifestations of hypertension disease do not have specific symptoms. Patients for many years may not even guess what disease they have. They will feel a high vitality. Although sometimes they can still be overtaken by bouts of dizziness, weakness, in places with dizziness. But, as a rule, these people believe that it is from overwork. Complaints arise when, as they are called, target organs are affected. These are the organs that are most sensitive to changes in blood pressure.

The occurrence of headaches and dizziness in a person, noise in the head, a decrease in working capacity and memory indicates initial changes in cerebral blood supply. Later, double vision, flies before the eyes, weakness, difficulty in speech, numbness of the arms and legs join, but at the initial level, these changes in the blood supply are of a coming nature.

If the stage of hypertension has gone far, then it can bring complications in the form of a heart attack or stroke. The earliest and most constant sign of high blood pressure is an increase (hypertrophy) of the left ventricle of the myocardium. In this regard, an increase in its mass is accompanied by the fact that the walls of the vessels thicken. First, the thickness of the wall of the left ventricle thickens, then the expansion of the chamber of the heart of this ventricle occurs. The same is true of hypertension. In another way, this condition can be called cardiac hypertension or hypertensive heart disease. With this form of hypertension, gross morphological changes in the aorta (atherosclerosis) can join, it can expand, as a result of which it can rupture or dissection. Hypertension of the heart in this regard is very insidious.

A sign or common symptom of hypertension is, of course, a headache. And as the most characteristic sign of this disease, with its further progression, it can appear at different times of the day (patients often complain about night time and time after waking up from sleep). The nature of the headache can be as bursting or as heaviness in the occipital region, and may also cover other areas of the head. With hypertension, there may be swelling of the legs, which indicate heart failure as well. In addition, they can be a sign of impaired kidney function.

arterial hypertension

Arterial hypertension is the most common disease of the entire cardiovascular system. The word "arterial hypertension" refers to blood pressure that remains steadily elevated. An increase in blood pressure occurs when there is a narrowing of the arteries and arterioles.

An artery is the main transport route through which blood is delivered to all tissues of the body. In many people, the arterioles very often constrict. Initially due to spasm, and subsequently, their lumen remains almost constantly narrowed due to wall thickening. And then, in order for the blood flow to overcome the constrictions, a greater effort is applied, as a result of which the work of the heart muscle increases, and a large amount of blood flows into the vascular bed. Such people usually suffer from hypertension most often.

This condition is chronic. In about 1 in 10 hypertensive patients, high blood pressure is caused by damage to a specific organ.

In these cases, we are talking about symptomatic arterial hypertension, or as it is also called secondary. About 90 percent of patients suffer from an essential form of hypertension, or as it is called primary. Patients with arterial hypertension very often suffer from headaches.

With arterial hypertension, a frequent occurrence is a hypertensive crisis. There are two types of hypertensive crisis:

• The first stage of the crisis (when an immediate reduction in blood pressure is required) is classified: hypertrophic encephalopathy, acute left ventricular failure, acute aortic dissection, eclampsia, postcoronary arterial bypass. In some cases, hypertension is observed, which combines an increase in the level of catecholamines circulating in the blood.
• In the second stage of the crisis (when the required conditions for lowering blood pressure within 12-24 hours): malignant arterial hypertension without any special complications, high hypertension characterized by an increase in diastolic pressure above 140 mm Hg.

Emergency cupirization of a hypertensive crisis is carried out in conditions when it appears: a convulsive form (hypertensive encephalopathy), a crisis in the presence of pheochromocytoma, a crisis in myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary edema, aortic aneurysm.

Studies prescribed by a doctor for arterial hypertension should include: an examination of the fundus, a study of kidney function, a study of the heart. He may also prescribe antihypertensive therapy to patients, which will help identify complications that may occur during hypertension (hypertension).

Degrees of hypertension

To correctly diagnose hypertension, doctors first need to determine the degree or stage of hypertension in a patient and make, so to speak, an appropriate entry in his medical record. If the diagnosis of hypertension disease occurred in the later stages, the second or third, then the consequences for the body can be more serious than for the first stage of the disease. But, nevertheless, few of the patients go to the doctor in the early or initial stages of the disease. And in general, few people measure their own blood pressure at home.

Determine: normal blood pressure, in which systolic blood pressure, in which the indicator is less than 130 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure, in which the values are below 85 mm Hg. High normal, in which systolic blood pressure, in which the indicator is 130-140 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure, in which the indicators are 85-90 mm Hg.

• Hypertension 1 degree (mild), in which systolic blood pressure has an indicator of 140-160 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure, in which the indicators are 90-100 mmHg;
• Hypertension of the 2nd degree (moderate), in which systolic blood pressure has an indicator of 160-180 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure, in which the indicators are 100-110 mmHg;
• Hypertension grade 3 (severe), in which systolic blood pressure is greater than 180 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure, in which the values are greater than 110 mm Hg.

Stages of hypertension

Hypertension first stage - characterized by an increase in blood pressure up to 160/100 mm, which can be within a few days or weeks. But under favorable conditions, it usually drops to a normal level.

At this stage, there are usually no symptoms of the disease. Sometimes there may be complaints of recurrent headache, sleep problems, slight heart pain.

In the second stage of hypertension, the pressure rises to 180/100 mm. Even if the patient takes a rest, it does not drop to a normal level. In addition to an increase in blood pressure, there may be a narrowing of the artery of the retina, hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart, protein appears in the urine during analysis, and a slight increase in plasma creatine. There may be headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances, angina pectoris, shortness of breath. With this stage, misfortunes such as heart attacks, strokes can come. At this stage, it is necessary to take medications for hypertension.

In the third stage of hypertension, there is an increased increase in blood pressure to 180/110 mm and above. Almost all patients experience changes (severe) in the internal organs. There are frequent bouts of shortness of breath, angina pectoris, heart rhythm disturbances, headaches, dizziness, sleep and hearing disorders, vision and memory impairment. Development of renal and heart failure. Strokes and heart attacks are guaranteed. Urgent treatment should be carried out.

Hypertension treatment

There are two methods of treating hypertension: drug and non-drug treatment.

There are various treatments for hypertension, but treatment should begin with the treatment of diseases whose symptoms are secondary hypertension, as well as symptomatic components of hypertension. Non-drug treatment of arterial hypertension consists in following a diet in which there is a restriction of salt, a favorable regime of rest and work, dealing with stressful situations, refraining from drinking alcohol and quitting smoking, and normalizing body weight. Only with a low efficiency of this method, drug therapy should be connected.

The goal of drug therapy is to lower blood pressure, namely, to eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. At the beginning of treatment, mono and combination therapy is appropriate. When it is ineffective, I use low doses of combinations of antihypertensive drugs. The first line of treatment is prescribed drugs that improve the prognosis.

• Beta blockers. This is an outdated group of drugs that have a hypotensive effect by reducing heart rate and blood volume per minute. They improve the work of the heart in his ischemic disease. But a side effect of such drugs is bronchospasm, so in our time, most doctors are moving away from this method of treatment as monotherapy. And also with long-term use, they contribute to the development of diabetes and erectile dysfunction.
• Diuretics. For the treatment of hypertension, saluretics are also used, drugs that remove sodium and chlorine ions from the body. But most diuretic drugs provoke the excretion of potassium from the body. It is best to combine them.
• Potassium antagonists. Used to prevent brain damage. In no case should you self-medicate in case of hypertension.

Only a doctor can prescribe the correct means of treating hypertension after a properly conducted examination.

In general, although hypertension is not completely curable, it can be said with confidence that good results in treatment can be achieved in the coordinated work of the patient and the treating doctor. It is possible to achieve a stable improvement in the state of the vascular system and the work of the heart, as well as improve the level of cholesterol in the blood, which will also contribute to a good relief of the patient's condition. Compliance with the absolute instructions and recommendations of the doctor will help the patient get rid of many of the symptoms that this insidious disease can provide.

Diet for hypertension

Rational nutrition is a diet that maintains health. It also satisfies all the needs of the human body for vitamins, nutrients and minerals, as well as energy.

The work of the entire cardiac system is closely tied to the processes of digestion. With hypertension, the diet has a beneficial effect on the general condition of the patient. A large meal can greatly overfill the stomach, and thereby it can displace the diaphragm, which makes it difficult for the heart to work. Excess fluid also creates a large load. Well, if the diet is overfilled with a large amount of sodium chloride, thus water is retained in the tissues of the body, and this provokes an increase in blood pressure, which sometimes also leads to swelling of the extremities.

Diet principles. nutrition: observance of the diet is considered a prerequisite - regular meals at the same time, the best way would also be to adhere to frequent and fractional meals - three to five times a day, which is very important for overweight; dinner is recommended to be taken no later than two hours before bedtime - a rich meal before rest provokes the accumulation of excess weight and obesity, and also contributes to restless sleep; food while following the diet should be varied and include products of various (plant and animal) origin.

What needs to be limited:

• Salt. It is recommended to limit it to the minimum volumes and only lightly add already cooked dishes. In general, salt itself causes fluid retention in the body and contributes to the accumulation of excess body weight. When dieting, it is usually taken at five grams per day. For an increase in blood pressure, salt is recommended to be taken as a "preventive" type, that is, with a reduced sodium content. It may also contain essential minerals for health such as magnesium, iodine and potassium ions. Products in which a low sodium content is found are products of plant origin: fish, cottage cheese, meat. Prepared foods such as cheese or sausage contain an incredible amount of salt. It is ten times more in them than in natural meat. If the food is not salted or not salted at all, then its taste can be improved by adding cranberries, citric acid, parsley, cinnamon, cilantro or dill. Salt restriction is very important in the diet for the treatment of hypertension.
• Liquid. Reducing the volume of drinking to one liter per day, including compote, soup, milk, and tea. The purpose of this restriction is to unload the work of the heart muscle and the work of the kidneys. You should also limit the intake of substances that excite the work of the cardiovascular system. These substances include caffeine and other tonic substances. They can cause heart palpitations, high blood pressure and insomnia. Also be careful with instant coffee as it contains much more caffeine than regular coffee. Animal fat intake should be limited to 25 grams per day. Hypertension and atherosclerosis are closely related. High blood pressure contributes to the development of a disease such as atherosclerosis and it itself can occur against its background. To combat this syndrome, you need to reduce the consumption of animal fats, which are rich in saturated fatty acids, and replace them with vegetable oils (olive, sunflower, cottonseed, and the like). Patients should avoid eating foods that contain cholesterol (kidneys, liver, fatty meats, egg yolks).
• Sugar. Sugar restriction should be up to 40 grams per day. Its excess is involved in the development of atherosclerosis.
• Bakery products. Patients with hypertension are often overweight. In this case, it is necessary to reduce the caloric content in food products, thereby limiting not only the consumption of sugar, but also limiting the consumption of jam, flour products, white bread, etc. In such cases, a very effective remedy as fasting days is most welcome. But again, only on the recommendation of a doctor who observes the patient. You can arrange fasting days once a week. That is, absolutely nothing to eat, only water to drink. This will greatly contribute to weight loss. You can also arrange cottage cheese days: 400 grams of cottage cheese for five doses, two glasses of kefir, two cups of unsweetened and weak tea. And you can also arrange apple days: two kilograms of apples for five doses.

You should increase your intake of the following:

• Potassium. Products that contain it are very useful in the treatment of hypertension. And there should be more of these products. Potassium improves the functioning of the heart muscle, and also helps to remove excess fluid. Potassium salts can be found in large quantities in vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as in juices. They are also rich in cabbage, potatoes, pumpkin, apricots, prunes, raisins, dried apricots, rose hips.
• Magnesium. It is necessary to provide the body with magnesium. It, like potassium, is necessary in the treatment of hypertension. Magnesium salts have a vasodilating effect, which contributes to the prevention of vasospasm. This macronutrient is found in bran bread and rye bread, as well as oatmeal, wheat, millet, buckwheat, barley groats, beets, carrots, lettuce, parsley, black currants, walnuts and almonds.
• Iodine. Iodine also has a good effect on metabolism and metabolism in general in hypertension. Foods that contain iodine: fish, seaweed, squid. Salt restriction, providing the body with a sufficient amount of products that contain magnesium and potassium salts, which are among the main features of therapeutic and preventive nutrition for arterial hypertension.

In general, the ratio of diet and treatment should be agreed with the doctor who observes the patient, since if any prescription is violated, there can be serious consequences for the body.

Hypertension folk remedies

Treatment of folk remedies for hypertension is very, very effective. Its effect will be more and more long-lasting and positive, but only if the patient leads a healthy lifestyle, as well as adheres to a strict diet.

How exactly to treat hypertension folk remedies?

Herbal decoctions, as well as infusions for the treatment of hypertension, which are prepared according to folk recipes, doctors recommend using for quite a long time. You can take breaks for five or ten days every two to three months. The composition of these fees and decoctions includes special plants to lower blood pressure. They also have sedative, sedative, diuretic and antispasmodic effects. Such collections contain a plurality of certain compounds that have a beneficial effect on our body. They are called biologically active compounds. They include: macroelements and microelements, vitamins, phytoncides, organic acids and other substances.

Examples of folk recipes used for hypertension:

1. Peeled onions - three kilograms, flower honey - half a kilo, vodka - half a liter, partition walnuts - about thirty pieces. The method of preparation consists in squeezing juice from onion, mixing it with honey, adding partitions of nuts to this mixture. All this is poured with vodka and infused for about ten days. After that, this infusion can be taken three times a day, one tablespoon.
2. One lemon, two glasses of beetroot juice, one and a half glasses of cranberry juice, a glass of vodka, 250 grams of flower honey. All this mix and take one tablespoon on an empty stomach twice a day.
3. Take half a glass of honey and chopped beets. Mix everything and take one tablespoon before meals three times a day for three months.

Also, bee venom has good diuretic properties and blocks spasms of blood vessels, expanding them. This action leads to a decrease in blood pressure. Therefore, it is also recommended to sting the limbs with bees twice a week.

Traditional medicine gives recommendations on the use of royal jelly and propolis. They are good powerful antioxidants, and also reduce fatigue and help cleanse the body, increase its resistance to nervous and physical stress.

In the treatment of hypertension, the fruits of the chokeberry are also prescribed. They can be cooked in the form of jelly, compotes, fruit drinks, syrups and even jams. The juice from these fruits has a great therapeutic effect, which is taken half an hour before meals three times a day.